Crop Protection & Environmental Biology

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Subject: search.filters.subject.African yam bean

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    Genetic variation in nutritional properties of African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex. A. rich. harms) accessions
    (2017) Ojuederie, O. B.; Balogun, M. O.
    The genetic variability in the mineral and proximate compositions of the seeds of 40 accessions and tubers of four accessions of African yam bean (AYB), an underutilized tuberous legume in sub-Saharan Africa, was investigated. Proximate parameters; moisture content, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, carbohydrate and mineral elements; calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and iron of the flours were determined according to standard methods. Highly significant differences (p< 0.001) were observed in proximate compositions of the seeds. Crude protein in the seeds ranged from 19.3% (TSs153) to 25.6% (TSs51) and 15.1% (AYB 57) to 15.9% (TSs107) in tuberous accessions. Crude protein, total ash and crude fat were the major contributors (80.2%) to variation in the proximate components of the seeds. Accessions TSs140 and TSs107 were high in crude fibre contents. Magnesium and potassium were prominent in seeds (454.2 mg, 100g-1 and 398.3 mg 100g-1) and tubers (166.7mg, 100g-1 and 1010.1 mg 100g-1) respectively. This study revealed the nutritional benefits of AYB seeds and tubers which could be used as an alternative source of protein, energy requirement and food supplement for human and livestock nutrition.
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    Intraspecific variability in agro-morphological traits of African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst ex. A. rich) harms
    (Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer, 2015) Ojuederie, O. B.; Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Korie, S.; Omodele, T.
    Intraspecific variabilities in 40 accessions of African yam bean (AYB) were assessed through characterization of 48 agromorphological traits for two cropping seasons between June and December 2011 and 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis (Semi - partial R squared method). The accessions showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.0001) in 16 reproductive traits. Accessions TSs 66 (144.50 days), TSs 51 (144.67 days) and TSs 154 (144.67 days) were identified as early maturing accessions. The first five principal component axes explained 69.7% of the total variation with PC1 and PC2 contributing 38.9% to the total variation. Correlation coefficients were high and significant for yield traits. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.99***) was observed between seed yield (kg ha-1) and weight of total pods per plant. Tubers were produced from 42.5% of the accessions. The accessions of AYB were meaningfully grouped into five clusters at the R-squared distance of 0.04 similarity index. Phenotypically, AYB 57 and TSs 123 were the most similar accessions with the closest distance of 0.0071. Four seed shapes were identified; oval (82.5%), globular/round (5%), oblong (10%), and rhomboid (2.5%). In order to improve the yield of AYB, the number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of total seeds per pod, and weight of total seed per plant are important determinant factors. The genetic variabilities observed in the traits studied could be utilised for improvement of AYB.
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    Effects of plant growth regulators and explant types on callus formation in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst. Ex A. rich) harms)
    (0075-5192, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
    This study was conducted to investigate the effect of explant types and plant growth regulator regimes on callus induction in African yam bean, with a view to developing protocols for regeneration Leaf, stem and root explants of African yam bean were cultured in media containing different types and concentrations of plant grow& regulators (PGR). The explants were observed for callus formation after three months. The main effects of variety, explant and plant growth regulator regimes and their interactions were highly significant Highest callus formation was recorded in stem explant while the root explant had the lowest. The accession, SSSWN56 brown seed) had higher percentage callus formation than ssswN7s (grey seed). No callus was formed in hormone-free medium and the media containing indole acetic acid (IAA). One- hundred-percent callus formation was recorded for both accessions in the medium containing 1.5 mg/l each of kinetin and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). This medium is recommended for callus induction using stem explant and it will be useful in perfecting regeneration protocols for African yarn bean.
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    Genetic variation in nutritive and anti-nutritive contents of African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa)
    (Wiley InterScience, 2005) Ajibade, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Afolabi, O. O.; Ajomale, K. O.; Fasoyiro, S. B.
    Seeds of 20 African yam bean collections were evaluated for nutritive and antinutritive contents. Anti-nutrients were negatively correlated with protein and carbohydrate contents. Principal component analysis and the Fastclus procedure showed that collections with high anti-nutrient contents had darker seed colour.
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    Variation in seed yield and nutrient contents in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa)
    (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany., 2008-09) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.
    Nine African yam bean accessions were evaluated for seed yield and other reproductive characters Significant differences were observed for seed yield, 100 seed weight and number of days to 50% flowering. Seed yield among the accessions ranged from 24.79 to 118.33 g per plant. Average number of seeds per pod was from 13.33 to 19.33, 100 seed weight varied between 19.69 to 28.22 g, while pod length also differed from 19.57 to 28.00 cm. The protein content of the African yam bean accessions were comparable to that of cowpea, but the concentrations of the anti-nutritional factors were significantly higher in the African yam bean accessions. Although the African yam bean accessions with low anti-nutritional factors were low yielding, they can be recombined with the high yielding accessions in developing improved varieties.